TGFB1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, syntenin-1 was shown to be overexpressed in TNBC cells with an invasive/metastatic phenotype (i.e., MDA-MB-231 cells) (Koo et al., 2002) and to have a role in promoting cell migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, through activation of AKT (Hwangbo et al., 2011), integrin-α1 (Yang et al., 2013a, 2013b), MAPK (Yang et al., 2013a, 2013b), and TGF-β signaling and EMT (Menezes et al., 2016), definitively promoting tumor growth and lung metastasis.