Autoantibodies to insulin (IAA) and GAD65 (GADA) are found as two earliest autoantibodies on the initial stage of T1D autoimmunity whereas ECL assays were shown to detect both IAA and GADA earlier than current standard RBA in both DAISY [18] and TEDDY (unpublished data) cohorts of young children followed from the birth. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.