Increased risk of T1DM has been linked to SNPs in both of the phosphatases already discussed, PTPN22 (Bottini et al., 2004) and PTPN2 (Burton et al., 2007; Cooper et al., 2008; Espino-Paisan et al., 2011). The gene discussed is PTPN22; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.