TGFB1 and neoplasm: Among these genes, more than half have already been shown to be closely related to stem-like properties of tumor cells (Li et al., 2017, 2019; Taghiyar et al., 2017; Langer et al., 2018), and the mechanism involved in CSCs can be regulated through EMT, Wnt, and TGF-β1 signaling.