NOS2 and infection: Furthermore, using a PCM model, it has been demonstrated that infected P. brasiliensis-infected mice showed increased levels of IL-17A accompanied by the Th17 associated cytokines, IL-6 and IL-23; moreover, deficiency of these Th17-associated cytokines or IL-17RA conferred susceptibility during infection associated with reduced concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression (Tristão et al., 2017).