SLC9A1 and cancer: While inhibition of proton transporters, such as Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), and carbonic anhydrases (CAs), have been explored in the context of cancer because of dysregulated cytosolic and extracellular hydrogen ion concentrations associated with tumor metabolism (43), a v-ATPase inhibition anti-cancer strategy specifically focuses on disrupting lysosomal pH to provoke LMP.