In CRS, the macrophage is considered as the main source of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IFN-γ, macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), etc (80). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and congenital rubella syndrome.