Elevated levels of IFNγ and of the IFNγ-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were also observed both in patients with HLH secondary to infections and in patients with HLH/MAS occurring in the context of sJIA (49, 51). Here, CXCL9 is linked to systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.