This is due to a complex mixture of neuronal (e.g., SNS/PNS dysregulation), psychological (e.g., HPA/stress), mechanical (e.g., muscle-bone interactions), cellular (e.g., macrophage, neuron, osteoblast, osteoclast), molecular (e.g., IGF-1, IL-6, PTH, Wnt), lifestyle (e.g., falls, malnutrition, physical inactivity, vitamin D deficiency), and treatment (e.g., AED, glucocorticoid, SSRI) factors. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is malnutrition.