All of them have been described to be involved on different cardiovascular dysfunctions, fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (Penela et al., 2001; Fessart et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2005; Gavi et al., 2006; Kraja et al., 2011; Harada et al., 2015; Qi et al., 2017; Van Gastel et al., 2018), thus these signaling pathways could also be contribute to the AF phenotype induced by the studied AT1 mutations. The gene discussed is AGTR1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.