AKT1 and Hyperglycemia: These components are regarded as the active components in Huanglian, which included berberine, coptisine, epiberberine, and palmatine, etc. Studies have shown that berberine could significantly reduce hyperglycemia and glycogen content in liver of diabetic mice, increase the expression of Akt and IRS, and inhibit the expression of GSK-3β (Xie et al., 2011).