We found that PARP-1 inhibitor 3AB or antioxidant NAC not only inhibited hippocampal neuronal death, but also rescued spatial memory deficits in neonatal rats following sevoflurane exposure, suggesting that PARP-1-dependent cell death participated in cognitive impairment induced by neonatal sevoflurane exposure. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.