Yet, alveolar concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8 and IP-10/CXCL10, and of SP-D, were significantly higher than their serum concentrations, consistent with a lung borne production of these biomarkers, the most compartmentalized of which was IL-8, a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, confirming its pivotal role in ARDS pathophysiology [5, 9]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.