IGF2 and inflammatory bowel disease: In addition to giving rise to myofibers, MuSCs have been shown to regulate collagen expression in fibrogenic cells via secreting exosomes containing miR-206, and change extracellular environments for muscle tissue maintenance and adaption [38], indicating that MuSCs can orchestrate tissue microenvironments through “cell empowerment.” Our previous study has demonstrated that mouse MuSCs have a therapeutic effect on IBD through producing IGF-2 to endow maturing macrophages anti-inflammatory properties [28].