HSF1 and cancer: Consistently, studies have shown that HSF1 was continuously activated and its downstream HSP70/90 were obviously elevated in many cancers [7, 8], and we also found that the abnormal activation of HSF1 and its targets even in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), the most common precancerous lesion of pancreatic cancer, which indicates that HSF1 activation is an early event in pancreatic cancer and HSF1 may participates in the initiation of pancreatic cancer.