IL-6, VEGF, SDF-1α, GRO-α, IL-8, IP-10 and MIP-1β are interlinked and involved in inflammatory mediation and angiogenic proliferation in post-ischemic conditions such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic limb ischemia (CLI)47–50. Here, CCL4 is linked to acute myocardial infarction.