INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In multivariate model, macroalbuminuria, hypertension and aspirin were still significant with 3.13-fold, 2.6-fold and 5.28-fold higher risk respectively (adjusted HR 3.13; 95% CI 1.4–6.96, P= 0.005, adjusted HR 2.6; 95% CI 1.35–5.0, P= 0.004 and adjusted HR 5.28; 95% CI 2.75–10.14), whereas, metformin significantly reduced risk for 0.29- fold (adjusted HR 3.31; 95% CI 0.09–0.94) after adjusting for age, gender, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, eGFR, aspirin, ACEI/ARBs, insulin and metformin, (Table 5).