To explore the underlying mechanism of radioresistance and tumor recurrence, Deng et al. found that fractionated ionizing radiation induces differentiation of prostate cancer cells into neuroendocrine-like cells in vitro, in vivo and in prostate cancer patients [151] through activating CREB and impairing the nuclear import of ATF2, leading to prostate cancer progression and poor prognosis [152]. The gene discussed is ATF2; the disease is prostate cancer.