In vivo studies have reported that HGF induces apoptosis and prevents accumulation of myofibroblasts in experimental lung fibrosis, while in vitro studies have shown that HGF intercepts with SMAD signaling activity involved in the regulation of TGF-β and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transitions [12]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.