In addition, T2D rats exhibited ⁓2.9- (p < 0.01), ⁓2.9- (p < 0.01), and ⁓2.2-fold (p < 0.01) increases in cytosolic Cyt C, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 3 expressions in the renal cells, respectively (Figure 12a,b). Here, CASP9 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.