NFKB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this study, T2D caused activation of P-IκBα (in the cytosol) to ⁓2.7-fold (p < 0.01) and P-NF-κB (in the nucleus) to ⁓2.2-fold (p < 0.01) in kidneys of experimental rats, which signified the induction of renal inflammation in the diabetic milieu (Figure 12c,d).