BCL2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this study, T2D endorsed apoptosis to the renal cells of rats evidenced by the activation of pro-apoptotic Bad protein and suppression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in the kidney cells of T2D rats resulting in a ⁓3.2-fold (p < 0.01) increase in mitochondrial Bad/Bcl-2 ratio (Figure 12a,b).