PIK3C3 and cancer: Considering that TRPML1-mTORC1 [27] downregulates autophagy through inhibiting ULK1 and VPS34 complex [143,144], and that TRPML1-AMPK upregulates autophagy through activating ULK1 and VPS34 complex [131,144], TRPML1 may coordinate both mTORC1 and AMPK signaling pathways to regulate cancer development at different stages.