Currently, T1D research consortium TrialNet screens first-degree relatives of individuals with T1D for islet autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2, ICA512, and ZNT8 autoantigens; positivity for two or more of these specificities confers an ~80% risk of developing diabetes within 20 years [1]. The gene discussed is PTPRN; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.