SLC9A1 and diabetes mellitus: Proposed hypotheses for the cardiovascular protective mechanisms in diabetics include: (1) inhibition of NHE1, thereby reducing [Na+]c, [Ca2+]c levels and increasing mitochondrial [Ca2+]m levels in cardiomyocytes (Baartscheer et al., 2017; Bertero et al., 2018; Uthman et al., 2018); (2) ketone body oxidation (Ferrannini et al., 2016; Lopaschuk and Verma, 2016); (3) ATP production and mitochondrial function (Mudaliar et al., 2016); (4) diuretic effect (Vettor et al., 2017), in addition to many more (Bell and Yellon, 2018).