Compared with ccRCC, non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC) had a higher expression of A2AR (P = 0.0071) and lower expression of PD-L1 (P = 0.0109); however, we found no difference between RCC histological types and expressions for CD39 (P = 0.4058) or CD73 (P = 0.2963) (Fig. 3, Supplementary Figs. 3–5). Here, ADORA2A is linked to renal cell carcinoma.