CD38 and neoplasm: In addition, our immune gene profiling analysis showed that CD38 cell densities in tumor stroma were associated with specific immune cell signatures indicative of T-cell inflammation, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, expanded host immune responses, tumor inflammation (TIS), interferon-gamma signaling, as well as peripheral T-cell infiltration and M1 macrophage polarization (Supplementary Fig. 6b).