Similar to the FGF23-mediated cardiac hypertrophy via induction of calcineurin/NFAT pathway, the activation of RAAS by FGF23 in NRVM causes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which can be blocked by the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan, and the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone [223]. The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.