TNF and Sepsis: The improved inflammatory response by miR-1-3p mimics (with increased IL-1β) might be beneficial to the stress response of the body, however, under the circumstance of sepsis, the enhanced inflammation are more likely to aggravate tissue damage, as exosomal miR-155 and miR-126 have been reported to induce lung inflammatory response through NF-kB and TNF-α [38,39].