AHR and liver dysplastic nodule: Lee et al. (2016) investigated the role of AhR in the pathophysiological processes of DN using AhR-knockout and pharmacological-inhibitor α-naphthoflavone models, and they found that AhR mediated renal oxidative stress in a diabetic mouse model, resulting in macrophage infiltration, extracellular matrix accumulation and mesangial cell activation.