However, N-oxyphthalimide 2f did not inhibit IL-1 induced expression of COX2 and IL-1 nor kinase phosphorylation, but prevented vaso-obliteration and microglial activation in the OIR model, which indicates the likelihood of another pathway among the pleiotropic effects of IL-1 being implicated in the pathogenesis of OIR and ROP (Mantovani et al., 2019). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is retinopathy of prematurity.