SMAD3 and brain ischemia: Based on the KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis, 6 critical TFs were more frequently involved in the BMP signaling pathway (Egr1 and Smad4), FoxO signaling (Smad4, Smad3, and FoxO1), transforming TGF-β production, and TGF-β signaling (creb1, Smad4, and Smad3), which were all important in pathological processes of cerebral ischemia.