Signaling pathways activated by CC chemokines include NF‐κB and β-catenin/STAT signaling in breast and prostate cancer and MEK/ERK/NF-κB/integrin αvβ3 pathways in osteosarcoma by CCL5 (54), PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and ERK1/2 signaling in endometrial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by CCL18 (60, 95). Here, NFKB1 is linked to endometrial carcinoma.