The Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 gene encodes a member of the serine protease family known to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. It is upregulated by androgenic hormones in prostate cancer cells and downregulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer tissue. TMPRSS2-associated diseases include influenza. This evidence concerns the gene TMPRSS2 and Familial prostate cancer.