Therefore, the circumstances have misled the literature to assume that these CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-cells, which have been associated a Th1-like overproduction of IFN-γ and induction of proliferation of Tax-specific CD8+ T-cells in HAM/TSP, were originally Tregs (Araya et al., 2011). Here, CD8A is linked to tropical spastic paraparesis.