Again, we explored the effect of high glucose known as the main feature of diabetes mellitus on HDAC5 expression in vitro-cultured human renal tubular cells (HK2 cells) and the results showed that HDAC5 was increased by 41.01% in HK2 cells treated with high glucose (40 mmol/L glucose) for 48 h compared to those treated with normal glucose (10 mmol/L glucose) (Fig. 1C). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC5 and diabetes mellitus.