CCL2 and infection: At 24 h post-infection, serum levels of IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were greatly reduced in IL-38-treated group (Fig. 5b–e), CCL2 and CXCL10 decreased at day 4 (Fig. 5f, h), IL-1β and CCL-5 decreased on day 7 in the IL-38-treated group compared with group without IL-38 treatment (Fig. 5a, g).