Human U2OS osteosarcoma cells stably expressing a GFP-LC3 fusion protein exhibit GFP-LC3 dots in the cytoplasm (corresponding to “autophagic puncta”)42 in response to the autophagy inducer torin1 (TOR, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR) and the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1, an inhibitor of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) that is required for lysosomal acidification)43. The gene discussed is MAP1LC3A; the disease is osteosarcoma.