CCL2 and central nervous system cancer: Not surprisingly, MEX3A overexpression induced totally adverse effects against MEX3A or CCL2 knockdown on glioma development, including significantly increased cell proliferation rate (Fig. 5J), inhibited cell apoptosis (Fig. 5K), slightly decreased cell cycle arrest of G2 phase (Fig. 5L), and significantly suppressed cell migration capability (Fig. 5M, N).