Similarly, in DM patients with ILD, the proliferation and cytokine production of TIGIT+CD226+ CD4 T cells was increased compared to in DM patients without ILD (Fig. 3b, proliferation percentages: 70.22 ± 8.198% vs 53.96 ± 8.488%, p = 0.0151; percentages of IFNγ+ cells/Q2: 43.36 ± 6.516% vs 32.92 ± 1.572%, p = 0.0083; percentages of TNF-α + cells/Q2 were 85.06 ± 1.993% and 78.46 ± 4.271%, p = 0.0140). Here, CD4 is linked to dermatomyositis.