NOD2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In line with our findings that NOD2 deficiency decreases genetic instability in DEN/CCl4-treated HCC mice model (Fig. 4e), we found that NOD2-high HCCs had higher genetic instability than NOD2-low HCCs, as evidenced by a higher level of allelic imbalances (AI, 81.48% vs. 69.44%) at chromosomal common fragile sites (CFS) (Fig. 7f).