In patients with acute LBP, the post-SMT production of CD4 + Th1 lymphocyte–derived cytokine, IL-2, was significantly up-regulated and that of IFNɣ remained significantly reduced compared to both asymptomatic controls and patients with chronic LBP (Figs. 3b and Fig. 4a). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is Low back pain.