Hepatitis-B associated glomerular disease and LN constitute the two commonest causes of secondary GNs in Africa and in both entities glomerular disease has been known to occur in the absence of systemic evidence of chronic hepatitis B antigenemia and lupus serologies respectively.[3, 26] We however could not demonstrate any significant clinical or histologic differences between our PLA2R positive and PLA2R negative patients to suggest that they represent two distinct pathogenetic groups of patients (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene PLA2R1 and hepatitis B virus infection.