COVID-19, coronavirus disease; ICU, intensive care unit; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus infection; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.