NLRP3 and enterovirus infectious disease: However, prior work has also implicated a role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in enterovirus infection (Kuriakose and Kanneganti, 2019; Xiao et al., 2019), including activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome during CVB3 infection in mice and human cell lines (Wang et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2018).