STAT3 and glioblastoma: Several cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-17, are reported to increase EREG expression, which activates intracellular signaling cascades, including the NF-κB, STAT3, and MAPK cascades.39,40 Moreover, in addition to EREG, other soluble proteins may be involved in the EREG–Rab27b feedback loop after the IR stimulation of GBM.