Several cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-17, are reported to increase EREG expression, which activates intracellular signaling cascades, including the NF-κB, STAT3, and MAPK cascades.39,40 Moreover, in addition to EREG, other soluble proteins may be involved in the EREG–Rab27b feedback loop after the IR stimulation of GBM. This evidence concerns the gene EREG and glioblastoma.