In the BRCA1/2 wild-type population, for example, patients would likely derive benefit from therapies that introduce tumor antigens to the immune system via an alternative mechanism, for example, use of Vigil, a personalized neoantigen-educating immunotherapy as opposed to checkpoint-inhibitor therapy, which does not modulate neoantigen expression and would have limited activity in lower clonal neoantigen expressive tumors (83-86). Here, BRCA1 is linked to neoplasm.