SMAD2 and renal fibrosis: Furthermore, according to a recent study in kidney fibrosis, the use of a YAP inhibitor ameliorates renal fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo by decreasing the cellular levels of Smad2 and 3, thus the active YAP/TAZ complex cooperates with TGF-β to induce fibrosis in a Smad2/3-dependent manner (Szeto et al., 2016).