ATE1 and Infertility: Additionally, systematic knockout (KO) of the only gene coding for ATE1 (ATE1) leads to embryonic lethality in mouse (Kwon et al., 2002), and postnatal deletion causes rapid weight loss, neurological perturbation, early lethality, and infertility (Brower and Varshavsky, 2009; Kurosaka et al., 2010).