NPPB and hepatitis C virus infection: Ueland et al. recapitulate the findings by Diao et al. and report that sTIM-3, an exhaustion marker associated with chronic infections including HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and pulmonary tuberculosis, had a rise in expression in severe (ICU) patients, which correlated with the measured degree of pulmonary infiltration and the cardiac marker NTproBNP (16).