Both possibilities are at place, although it has recently been reported that tau deposition (a biomarker of AD) in the inferior temporal cortex, an important brain region for recognition of faces and objects in general, tends to be an early sign of AD (e.g., Cho et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2016) and can be predicted in clinically normal elderly participants with cardiovascular disease (Rabin et al., 2019). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.