Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau in the form of paired helical filaments (PHFs), are a hallmark of the AD brain, and the formation of NFTs is positively correlated with the degree of dementia (Berg et al., 1998; Giannakopoulos et al., 2003) rather than Aβ plaques (Thal et al., 2002; Braak et al., 2011). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.